The Potential of Agent Based Models for Testing City Evacuation Strategies Under a Flood Event

AbstractThis paper explores the uses of Agent Based Models (ABM) and its potential to test large scale evacuation strategies in coastal cities under threat of an imminent flooding due to extreme hydro-meteorological events. The first part of the paper is an introduction to the field of complex adaptive systems (CAS) and the principles and uses of ABM in this field. It is also presented the benefits and limitations of such models. The second part of the paper focuses on the theory used to build the ABM. For this study, theories and frameworks of human behaviour and disaster psychology were used. To feed the ABM model qualitative and quantitative attributes or characteristics of human beings are abstracted from literature review, fieldwork and expert's knowledge. The third part of the paper shows the methodology used to build and implement the ABM model using Repast Symphony, a Java based modelling system. The results of the initial experiments implemented in a region of the city of Marbella, southern Spain, are presented and discussed. The preliminary results are promising to further enhance the development of the model and its implementation and testing at full city scale

The Potential of Agent Based Models for Testing City Evacuation Strategies Under a Flood Event

AbstractThis paper explores the uses of Agent Based Models (ABM) and its potential to test large scale evacuation strategies in coastal cities under threat of an imminent flooding due to extreme hydro-meteorological events. The first part of the paper is an introduction to the field of complex adaptive systems (CAS) and the principles and uses of ABM in this field. It is also presented the benefits and limitations of such models. The second part of the paper focuses on the theory used to build the ABM. For this study, theories and frameworks of human behaviour and disaster psychology were used. To feed the ABM model qualitative and quantitative attributes or characteristics of human beings are abstracted from literature review, fieldwork and expert's knowledge. The third part of the paper shows the methodology used to build and implement the ABM model using Repast Symphony, a Java based modelling system. The results of the initial experiments implemented in a region of the city of Marbella, southern Spain, are presented and discussed. The preliminary results are promising to further enhance the development of the model and its implementation and testing at full city scale

Mineralni sastav različitih sorti višanja (Oblačinska i Maraska)

Determination of the mineral composition of two varieties of cherries (oblačinska i maraska) in their konzumnoj maturity was the aim of this study. The content of individual elements was in mg / 100g: Na (oblačinska cherry 4,7 and maraska 5,1), K (195.6 and 211.3), Mg (15.3 and 17.3), Ca (13.1 and 16.4), P (17.1, 18.6) Fe (0.21 and 0.22), Cu (0.08 and 0.09), Zn (0.1 and 0.1) and Mn ( 0.1 and 0.1). Both of these varieties do not represent a significant source of certain elements in the diet, because when consuming 150 grams of fresh cherries relatively well meet the daily needs of the organism is only for potassium and copper.Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi mineralni sastav dvije sorte višanja (oblačinska i maraska) u njihovoj konzumnoj zrelosti. Sadržaj pojedinih elemenata iznosio je u mg/100g: Na (oblačinska 4,7 i maraska 5,1), K (195,6 i 211,3), Mg (15,3 i 17,3), Ca (13,1 i 16,4), P (17,1 18,6) Fe (0,21 i 0,22), Cu (0,08 i 0,09), Zn (0,1 i 0,1) i Mn (0,1 i 0,1). Obe ove sorte ne predstavljaju značajan izvor pojedinih elemenata u ishrani, jer pri konzumiranju 150 g svježih višanja relativno dobro zadovoljenje dnevnih potreba organizma je samo za kalijum i bakar

Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions for Hydro-Meteorological Risk Reduction in Small Mediterranean Catchments: The Case of Portofino Natural Regional Park, Italy

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are usually defined as complementary or alternative solutions to \u201cgrey infrastructures\u201d (traditionally made with cement) aimed at conserving and regenerating the functionality of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The research to date shows a considerable potential of NBS to address the current challenges related to climate change and geo-hydrological risks. Despite significant interest in NBS by researchers and practitioners, knowledge concerning their practical implementation, monitoring, and evaluation is still lacking. This is particularly true for large-scale NBS. The present paper discusses how such solutions can be implemented in the context of hydro-meteorological risk reduction in small Mediterranean catchments with a strong tourist vocation. The work presented here is situated within the RECONECT Project (Regenerating ECOsystems with Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk rEduCTion), which aims to contribute to a European reference framework on NBS by demonstrating, upscaling, and replicating large-scale NBS in rural and natural areas. The Italian case study of RECONECT is the Portofino Natural Regional Park, which represents a unique natural landscape element with high ecologic, social, and economic (touristic) value, which is threatened by a range of geo-hydrological hazards, such as flash floods, hyper-concentrated floods, shallow landslides, rockfalls, and storm surges. This paper also presents details of NBS interventions in two pilot catchments (San Fruttuoso and Paraggi) visited by thousands of tourists throughout the year. It addresses some of the key aspects related to monitoring meteorological and hydrological processes, as well as remote sensing activities (i.e., LiDAR surveys), which are necessary for the identification of critical-instability areas along waterways and the reconstruction of dry stone walls. Lastly, a discussion of relevant mitigation and adaptation strategies that are potentially replicable at national and international levels is also provide

Mineralni sastav hibridne sorte paprike Bibic F1

Wealthy chemical composition of peppers with excellent organoleptic properties (taste, color, smell) makes it almost indispensable in the daily diet. The subject matter of this paper is hybrid variety of fresh pepper Bibic F1. Content of each component chemical composition: dry matter (5.78%), total ash (0.36%), total acidity (0.13%) and vitamin C (70.4 mg per 100g), was determined by AOAC methods and was in agreement with literature data. Content of some minerals determined by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The amount of each element in 100 g of fresh pepper hybrid variety Bibic F1 was: sodium (3.3 mg), potassium (180.2 mg), magnesium (9.8 mg), calcium (12 mg), phosphorus (23.2 mg), iron (0.72 mg), copper (0.04 mg), zinc (0.2 mg) and manganese (0.11 mg). Fresh pepper hybrid variety Bibic F1 is not a significant source of minerals in the diet.Bogat hemijski sastav paprike sa izvanrednim senzornim svojstvima (ukus, boja, miris) čini je gotovo nezamjenjivom u svakodnevnoj ishrani. Predmet ispitivanja u ovom radu je hibridna sorta Bibic F1. Sadržaj pojedinih komponenti hemijskog sastava: suve materije (5,78%), ukupnog pepela (0,36%), ukupne kiselosti (0,13%) i vitamina C (70,4 mg u 100g), određen je standardnim AOAC metodama i bio je u skladu sa literaturnim podacima. Sadržaj pojedinih elemenenata određen je atomskom emisionom spektrometrijom (ICP OES). Količina pojedinih elemenata u 100 g svježe paprike hibridne sorte Bibic F1 iznosila je: natrijum (3,3 mg), kalijum (180,2 mg), magnezijum (9,8 mg), kalcijum (12 mg), fosfor (23,2 mg), gvožđe (0,72 mg), bakar 0,04 mg) cink (0,2 mg) i mangan (0,11 mg). Svježa paprika hibridne sorte Bibic F1 ne predstavlja značajan izvor za mineralne materije u ishrani

A Warmin Up In Dixie

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/1321/thumbnail.jp

Rockfall susceptibility analysis through 3D simulations in marine protected areas of the Portofino coastline: case studies of San Fruttuoso and Paraggi bays

The research focuses on the assessment of the potential geomorphological hazards affecting the stability of the Promontory of Portofino (Regional Natural Park of Portofino, Northern Italy), mainly on the bays of San Fruttuoso and Paraggi. The study area constitutes one of the most representative and most populated environments, both by locals and tourists, of the entire Liguria area. For this reason, there is a growing need for investigation on the natural dynamics of these landscapes, based on detailed topographic information. The research starts from a regional geological and geomorphological analysis specific to the study area, combined with a multi-model comparison algorithm (M3C2), which allows comparing two LiDAR datasets acquired in 2008 and 2020, respectively, to assess the overall dynamics of the promontory development. Then, a detailed study of San Fruttuoso and Paraggi bays, two key points for visitors and therefore for management, is performed. Three-dimensional modeling of rockfalls is carried out, which allows the development of a specific management oriented to the use of nature-based solutions (NBSs) strategies, respecting the environment and increasing safety against instability processes in these areas.This study has been carried out in the framework of a collaboration among ISPRA, GISIG, Universita di Genova, and Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU, IT1678-22 Research Group, PES-18/92 Project) within the RECONECT Project (Regenerating ECOsystems with Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk rEduCTion)

Economic assessment of nature-based solutions to reduce flood risk and enhance co-benefits

Flooding is expected to increase due to climate change, urbanisation, and land use change. To address this issue, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) are often adopted as innovative and sustainable flood risk management methods. Besides the flood risk reduction benefits, NBSs offer co-benefits for the environment and society. However, these co-benefits are rarely considered in flood risk management due to the inherent complexities of incorporating them into economic assessments. This research addresses this gap by developing a comprehensive methodology that integrates the monetary analysis of co-benefits with flood risk reduction in economic assessments. In doing so, it aspires to provide a more holistic view of the impact of NBS in flood risk management. The assessment employs a framework based on life-cycle cost-benefit analysis, offering a systematic and transparent assessment of both costs and benefits over time supported by key indicators like net present value and benefit cost ratio. The methodology has been applied to the Tamnava basin in Serbia, where significant flooding occurred in 2014 and 2020. The methodology offers valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and planners seeking to assess the co-benefits of NBS and integrate them into economic assessments. The results show that when considering flood risk reduction alone, all considered measures have higher costs than the benefits derived from avoiding flood damage. However, when incorporating co-benefits, several NBS have a net positive economic impact, including afforestation/reforestation and retention ponds with cost-benefit ratios of 3.5 and 5.6 respectively. This suggests that incorporating co-benefits into economic assessments can significantly increase the overall economic efficiency and viability of NBS

Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological hazards: revised concepts, classification schemes and databases

Hydro-meteorological hazards (HMHs) have had a strong impact on human societies and ecosystems. Their impact is projected to be exacerbated by future climate scenarios. HMHs cataloguing is an effective tool to evaluate their associated risks and plan appropriate remediation strategies. However, factors linked to HMHs origin and triggers remain uncertain, which poses a challenge for their cataloguing. Focusing on key HMHs (floods, storm surge, landslides, droughts, and heatwaves), the goal of this review paper is to analyse and present a classification scheme, key features, and elements for designing nature-based solutions (NBS) and mitigating the adverse impacts of HMHs in Europe. For this purpose, we systematically examined the literature on NBS classification and assessed the gaps that hinder the widespread uptake of NBS. Furthermore, we critically evaluated the existing literature to give a better understanding of the HMHs drivers and their interrelationship (causing multi-hazards). Further conceptualisation of classification scheme and categories of NBS shows that relatively few studies have been carried out on utilising the broader concepts of NBS in tackling HMHs and that the classification and effectiveness of each NBS are dependent on the location, architecture, typology, green species, environmental conditions as well as interrelated non-linear systems. NBS are often more cost-effective than hard engineering approaches used within the existing systems, especially when taking into consideration their potential co-benefits. We also evaluated the sources of available data for HMHs and NBS, highlighted gaps in data, and presented strategies to overcome the current shortcomings for the development of the NBS for HMHs. We highlighted specific gaps and barriers that need to be filled since the uptake and upscaling studies of NBS in HMHs reduction is rare. The fundamental concepts and the key technical features of past studies reviewed here could help practitioners to design and implement NBS in a real-world situation